Semester Wise Syllabus for B.Sc. Zoology of Kumaun University from 2016 onward

Kumaun University Semester System

Syllabus of B.Sc. (Zoology)

Three Years (Six semester) Programme from 2016-17

Semester system course structure of B.Sc. Zoology:

• The course work shall be divided into six semesters with three papers in each semester.

• Each paper in a semester will be of 80 marks out of which 60 marks for theory and 20 marks are allotted for internal assessment (written test/assignment/both)

• Each theory paper shall consists of Three Sections :

• Section A : 20% of total marks (12 marks; one question of 12 parts; multiple choice, one word/one sentence answer, fill in the blanks, true- false; all parts will be compulsory). 
• Section B : 40% of total marks (24 marks, one question of 06 parts; any 04 have to be attempted with short answer) and 
• Section C : 40% of total marks; (24 marks, 04 questions, any two have to be attempted with long answer).

• Practical in each semester will be of total 60 marks, out of which 15 marks are assigned for internal assessment (attendance, practical records etc.).

• Practical examination will be evaluated by both external and internal examiner.

• The duration of theory and practical examination shall be 03 hrs and 03.5 hrs, respectively.

• Candidates may be permitted to use simple calculators in paper third (Bio-informatics and Bio-statistics) of 6th semester.

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Syllabus of Zoology for post graduation in Kumaun University

The Department of Zoology, established in the year 1951, is well known for its research activities in the country. Department has well established laboratories for Fish biology, Entomology, Limnology, Cyto-genetics, Earthworm ecology and microbiology and Molecular Biology. The department runs two specializations for the post graduate students i.e. Fish & Fisheries and Entomology. 

ZOOLOGY

Syllabus of Zoology for M.Sc. in Kumaun University

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M.Sc. I semester Compulsory papers

 

M.Sc. II semester Compulsory papers

 

M.Sc. III semester Compulsory papers 

 

M.Sc. IV semester Compulsory papers

Syllabus of Zoology for PG Course in Kumaun University, Zoology Syllabus for Kumaun University PG Course, Syllabus of Zoology for all Semester in KU.

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B.Sc. III year Zoology Syllabus in Kumaun University

Note: For the Students taken admission after 2015-16

To Download Syllabus of B.Sc. Zoology for Semester System Course w.e.f 2016-17 Visit This Link

Paper I. Biological Chemistry and Physiology

Biological Chemistry
Introduction to biological molecules: Proteins, Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Vitamins and Enzymes- their structure, classification and significance .Metabolism of Carbohydrates


Physiology

Nutrition: Food constituents, intracellular and extracellular digestion, Digestion and absorption
of carbohydrate, fat and protein.

Respiration: Pulmonary ventilation, respiratory pigments, gaseous transport and control of respiration.

Excretion : Concept of ammonotelic , ureotelic and guanotelic animals, urine formation in mammals.

Blood vascular system: Haemopoiesis, composition and functions of blood, blood coagulation.  A brief account of immunity. Types of heart, origin and conduction of heart beat.

Nervous system: Resting and action potential of nerves, synapse and transmission of nerve  impulse.

Muscular system: Muscle contraction and its Mechanism. A brief idea of tetanus and fatigue.

Endocrinology: General characteristics of endocrine system, mechanisms of hormone action (cellular and sub cellular). A brief knowledge of the structure and hormonal functions of the glands namely, Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, Adrenal, Testis and Ovary. Elementary knowledge of the etiology of Dwarfism, gigantism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus , Goitre, Cretinism, Myxoedema, Diabetes mellitus and Addison’s disease.

Paper II. Microbiology, Biological Techniques and Animal Behaviour

Microbiology
Introduction to microbiology: kinds of microbes, Typical structure of a bacterium and a virus. Bacteria of medical importance – Gram positive and Gram negative, Mycobecterium, Rickettsia and Actinomycetes.

A brief knowledge of Mycoplasma and AIDS.

Environmental use of microorganisms: Metal recovery , petroleum recovery, pest control, waste water treatment . Food and dairy microbiology- Food production , dairy products , alcoholic beverages, microbial spoilage, food preservation.

Biological Techniques
Introductory knowledge of the application of following biological techniques :

 (a) Photometry (Beer Lambert’s law)
 (b) Chromatography
 (c) Electrophoresis
 (d) Microscopy (Phase contrast, TEM, SEM & Fluorescence)

Animal Behaviour

Patterns of behaviour:

Stereotype innate behaviour: Kinases, Taxes and Reflexes. Concepts of
(i) Fixed action patterns
(ii)  Sign or key stimulus or releasers and
(iii) Innate releasing mechanism, Instinctive behaviour.


Learned behaviour: Habituation, Conditioned reflexes, Selective learning , Insight learning, Imprinting, Song learning in birds.

Communication : Chemical , Visual, Auditory, Electric and tactile, Dance language of honey bees, Biological clocks.

Bird migration with particular reference to the mechanisms of navigation.

Introduction to Socio-biology: Social structure in primates.

Paper III. Toxicology, Histology, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics

Toxicology

Introduction and brief history of toxicology: General principles of toxicology, Brief history, Environmental toxicology (kinds and sources of toxic agents- animal toxins, plant toxins, pesticides, metals and food additives). Metabolism of toxic substances.

Dose response relationship: Frequency and cumulative responses, determination of TLm values, margin of safety, threshold limits.

Analytical toxicology: Toxic response of blood, organ function tests, teratogenic, reproductive and carcinogenic tests.

Histology

Histology: Structure of epithelium, connective tissue, cartilage, bone, smooth, striped and cardiac muscles, and nervous tissue as studied under light microscope.

Histological structure of gonads, liver, lung, pancreas and kidney in mammals.


Bioinformatics
Elementary knowledge of computer: Organisation of computer, input and output devices, elementary idea of software, hardware and programming languages.

Use of computers in biological sciences: Sequence, structure and strain databases and their use.

Biostatistics
Biostatics as a tool in research, Data collection- Random and non-random sampling, data tabulation and data presentation (Graph, Histogram, Scatter diagram), Concept of mean, mode, median and of standard deviation and standard error.

 

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Syllabus of Zoology for B.Sc. III Year, Zoology Syllabus for UG Course in Kumaun University, Syllabus of Zoology BSc. first year.

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B.Sc. II year Zoology Syllabus in Kumaun University

Note: For the Students taken admission after 2015-16 batch

To Download Syllabus of B.Sc. Zoology for Semester System Course w.e.f 2016-17 Visit This Link

Paper I. Animal diversity -2 (Chordata) & Palaeontology

Salient features and outline classification (up to order) of various chordate groups as covered under respective taxonomic groups.

Chordata
Protochordata: Salient features of body organisation and systematic position of Balanoglossus . Study of Amphioxus as a type and its affinities.

Agnatha: External features of Petromyzon.

Pisces and Amphibia: Scales and fins in fishes. Parental care in fishes. Fishes in relation to man.

General characters and affinities of Gymnophiona. Parental care in Amphibia.

Reptilia and Aves: A brief knowledge of extinct reptiles. Poisonous and non- poisonous snakes. Poison apparatus of snake. Snake venom and anti-venom. Adaptive radiation in reptiles.
Flightless birds and their distribution. Flight adaptations in birds. Bird migration. Economic importance of birds.

Mammalia : General organisation, distribution and affinities of Prototheria. Economic importance. Adaptive radiation with particular reference to aquatic mammals.

Palaeontology
Kinds of fossils and their significance. Formation of fossils. Methods for determining the age of fossils. Geological time scale.

Paper II. Concepts of Ecology, Environmental Biology and Conservation Biology

Concepts of Ecology
Definition of ecology and its relation to humanity.

The environment : Abiotic factors, biotic factors, edaphic factors. Concept of ecosystem with reference to lake or pond ecosystem. Introduction to the laws of limiting factors. Energy flow in ecosystem-trophic levels.

Productivity- Primary and secondary . Food chain- grazing and detritus , Food web.

Biosphere : Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Atmosphere.
Biogeochemical cycles: Carbon and Nitrogen cycles.
Population : Definition, characteristics, density, natality, mortality and growth curves with special emphasis on human population. Dispersion and aggregation. Negative and positive interactions.

Environmental Biology and Conservation Biology
The concept of biodiversity, Conservation and management of biodiversity, Biodiversity as a resource with value, Pressure on India’s wild life resources, Brief introduction to the concept of protected areas, India’s wild life habitats (Ecology and distribution of fauna). Adaptations of animals to desert and aquatic life.

Principal zoogeographic realms of the world. Characteristics and fauna of Oriental region, Barriers and means of dispersal.

Biodegradable and non-degradable pollutants, Biomagnifications.
Air pollution and green house effect, Acid rain.  Aquatic pollution: Sources and kinds, A brief account of pollution in lakes and rivers, including the role of nutrients. A note on bioremediation.

Paper III. Developmental Biology and Applied Zoology

Developmental Biology

Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis including structure, differentiation and longevity of gametes. Chemical and metabolic events during gamete formation. Types of eggs.

Fertilization: Significance of fertilization, approximation of gametes, Capacitation, Acrosome reaction, formation of fertilization membrane, egg activation, Blockage to polyspermy.

Cleavage: Patterns , control of cleavage patterns, chemical changes during cleavage, totipotency.

Blastulation and Gastrulation: A complete study in frog and chick; Fate maps, their formation and significance.

Foetal membranes: Their formation and functions in chick. Retrogressive metamorphosis : As exhibited by an ascidian.

Regeneration: Morphallaxis and Epimorphosis, Blastema and its significance, mechanisms as exhibited by invertebrates (Hydra and Planaria) and Vertebrates (Limb regeneration in Amphibia). Polarity.

Embryonic Induction: Origin , structure and significance of primary  organizer, Nature of inductive signal.

Applied Zoology 
Elementary knowledge of :
 (a) Aquaculture
 (b) Sericulture
 (c) Apiculture
 (d) Lac culture


Poultry and Dairy industries:

Bionomics and control measures of the common pests of fruits (Papilio demoleus and Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) , Vegetables (Thrips tabaci and Aulacophora foveicollis) and stored grains (Callosobruchus chinensis and Trogoderma granarium). Pest management, including insect pest control and integrated pest management .

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Syllabus of Zoology for B.Sc. II Year, Zoology Syllabus for UG Course in Kumaun University, Syllabus of Zoology BSc. first year.

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B.Sc. I year Zoology Syllabus in Kumaun University

Note: For the Students taken admission after 2015-16 batch

To Download Syllabus of B.Sc. Zoology for Semester System Course w.e.f 2016-17 Visit This Link

Paper I. Animal diversity -I (Non-Chordata) & Parasitology

Salient  features and outline classification (upto orders) of  various Non-chordate Phyla and related types study and topics as covered under respective Phyla.

Non-Chordata

Protozoa: Paramecium and Euglena with particular reference to locomotion, nutrition, osmoregulation and reproduction.

Porifera: Sycon with reference to  structure ,  reproduction and development .  Canal  system, and affinities of Porifera.

Coelenterata: Aurelia  with reference to structure , reproduction and development. Polymorphism in 

Coelenterata . A brief account of Corals and Coral reefs.

Helminthes: Fasciola- External features , reproduction and life cycle. Parasitic adaptations in Helminthes.

Annelida: Nereis-  External features , excretory organs and reproduction. Metamerism in Annelida, its origin and significance. Parasitic adaptations in Hirudinaria. Trochophore larva and its significance.

Arthropoda:
Palaemon- External features and reproduction .
Peripatus- Its distribution and Zoological importance.

Mollusca: Pila- External features , Organs of Pallial complex. Reproduction. A brief account of torsion in Gastropoda.

Echinodermata: Asterias- External features. Water vascular system. Mode of feeding and reproduction.


Parasitology
Taxonomy, morphology (including adaptations), life  cycle,  pathogenicity and control measures of Trypanosoma,  Leishmania, Giardia, Ancylostoma,  Ascaris, Filaria  (including periodicity) ,  Schistosoma and Sarcopterus (itch mite)

Paper II. Cell Biology , Molecular Biology and Elementary Biotechnology

Cell Biology
Prokaryotic  and Eukaryotic  cells;  Ultrastructure  of eukaryotic cell;  Plasma  membrane (Ultrastructure,  chemical  composition  ,  models of  plasma membrane; Specialisations of  plasma membrane , functions of plasma membrane).

Structure and functions of  following cell  organelles: (a)  Mitochondria  (b)  Ribosomes (c) Lysosomes (d)  Centrioles (e)  Golgi  Complex  (f)  Endoplasmic reticulum. Structure and functions of Nucleus and nucleolus.

Cell division –  (a) Cell cycle (b) Mitosis (Process of mitosis , mitotic poisons and significance of mitosis), (c) Meiosis (Process of meiosis, structure and functions of synaptonemal complex, significance of meiosis). An idea of cell transformation and cancer.

Eukaryotic  chromosomes- Structure, chemical composition,  classification  and uninemic and multinemic concept of chromosome structure.

Structure and functions of polytene and lampbrush chromosomes. Dosage compensation in Drosophila and man; Barr body.


Molecular Biology
Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA): DNA chemistry , nucleosides, nucleotides, polynucleotide chain,Watson and Crick DNA double helix model, identification of genetic material (DNA-as genetic material). RNA-chemistry, genetic and non-genetic RNAs. Elementary knowledge of genetic code . Expression of gene-protein synthesis.


Elementary Biotechnology
Origin and definition , scope and importance , Restriction enzymes and cloning techniques used in recombinant DNA technology,  DNA fingerprinting. Biochips. A  Brief knowledge  of  PCR and its significance.

Paper III. Taxonomy, Genetics and Evolution 

Taxonomy
Introduction  to  taxonomy and systematics, their  relationship  and significance .  Rules  of nomenclature-  Binomial and Trinomial .  Components of  classification  – Linnean hierarchy. Species concept – species as a category, kinds of species . An elementary idea of  taxonomic methodology.


Genetics
Mendel’s  life,  Pre-Mendelian experiments, symbols and  terminologies, Laws of  dominance, segregation and independent assortment.

Linkage: Coupling and repulsion hypothesis, Morgan’s view of linkage, kinds  of  linkage, chromosome theory of linkage.

Crossing over:  Somatic and  germinal crossing  over,  kinds  of  crossing  over,  theories of  the mechanism of crossing over, significance.

Determination of sex: chromosome  mechanism, Genic balance theory, External environment and sex determination. Hormonal control of sex determination.

Sex linked inheritance: Inheritance of X-linked gene (Colour blindness and haemophilia in man) , Sex linkage in Drosophila.

Cytoplasmic inheritance: Inheritance of Plastids,  Kappa particles in  Paramecium,  Extra- chromosomal transmission in Drosophila and Delayed effect of genes.

Mutation: Historical  background  ,  chromosomal mutation (Chromosomal aberrations),  gene mutations and their interpretation.

Evolution
Brief concept and evidences of evolution. Lamarckism, Darwinism, Synthetic theory of evolution,  Evolution at  Molecular  level (Evolution of  proteins and nucleotide sequences). Evolution of man.

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"Syllabus of Zoology for B.Sc. I Year, Zoology Syllabus for UG Course in Kumaun University, Syllabus of Zoology BSc. first year."

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