Syllabus of B.Sc. III year Botany in Kumaun University ~ Kumaun University Nainital

Tuesday, 12 May 2015

Syllabus of B.Sc. III year Botany in Kumaun University


Syllabus of  B.Sc. III year Botany in Kumaun University

Note: For the Students taken admission in B.Sc. after 2015-16

Paper I.  Cytology, Genetics, Molecular Biology And Plant Breeding

UNIT-I

     1.  Cell  structure  and  division:  cytoplasmic organelles, nucleus, chromosomes,
          mitosis, meiosis, comparison of mitosis and meiosis.

     2.  Laws of  inheritance:  Mendel’s  experiments,  principles of segregation, 
          independent assortment, incomplete dominance, sex chromosomes and sex linked
          inheritance,  gene   interactions,   modified   ratios: complementary,   supplementary,
          duplicate and epistatic factors.

     3.  Linkage and crossing over: complete and incomplete linkage, linkage group and crossing          over.

     4.  Mutations,     Chromosomal       abbrrations-  deficiency,     duplication,   translocation,
          inversion and polyploidy.

     5.  Sex determination in Drosophila, Man and Melandrium.


UNIT-II

     1.  Structure and function of nucleic acids and genetic code: Nucleic acid as genetic
         material, structure of nucleic acids, properties of genetic code. 
     2.  Classical and modern concept of genes.


UNIT-III

     1.  Plant breeding: aims and objectives, basic techniques of Plant breeding.
     2.  Crop   improvement   methods,   Selection   ,   Plant   introduction   and   acclimatization,
          hybridization and mutational breeding etc. and hybrid vigour.



Paper II.  Biotechnology and Economic Botany 

UNIT-I

     1.  Introduction    to  Biotechnology:     role  in  modern    life,  isolation  and  culture  of
          different types of microorganisms.

     2.  Recombinant DNA technology: Tools of genetic engineering, enzymes, plasmids
          and cosmids vectors, brief idea of techniques and scope of genetic engineering.

     3.  Plant tissue culture techniques: Plant cell, tissue and organ cultures, tissue culture
          techniques, collection and storage of germplasm (cryopreservation), application of
          plant    tissue  culture  with   reference   to  somaclonal    variation,   synthetic   seeds,
          embryo   culture   and   embryo   resque,   anther   culture,   meristem   culture,   somatic
          hybridization and somatic seed production.

    4.  Industrial    biotechnology:    Fermentation     Technology    with   reference   to  alcohol
         production.

    5.  Agriculture Biotechnology: Biofertilizers and biological control in fields.

    6.  Nutritional Biotechnology: Mycotoxins and Health hazards, control of mycotoxin
         production, single cell protein.

    7.  Elementary idea of the following:
        (i) Gene Bank             (ii) Nif and Nod Genes          (iii) C-DNA
        (iv) Totipotency          (v) Antibiotics                 (vi)  Mycoprotein


UNIT-II

     A brief knowledge of Botany and commercial utilization/ uses of the following plant
     products:

     1.  Cereals and millets- wheat, rice and maize.
     2.  Food plants: potato, sugarcane.
     3.  Fruits: mango, apple, banana, citrus and litchi.
     4.  Fibres: cotton, jute, hemp and coir.
     5.  Vegetables: root vegetables, stem vegetables and fruit vegetables.
     6.  Timbers: Teak, shisham, sal chir and deodar.
     7.  Medicinal Plants: Aconitum, Atropa, Cinchona, Rauwolfia, Ephedra and Withania.
     8.  Oils: Coconut oil, linseed oil, mustard oil and groundnut oil.
     9.  Beverages: Tea and Coffee.


Paper III. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry


UNIT-I 

    1.  Diffusion, Osmosis, Plasmolysis and Inhibition.
    2.  Absorption of Water.
    3.  Transpiration:      Factors   affecting   the   rate  of   transpiration,   significance    of
         transpiration, mechanism of stomatal opening and closing.
    4.  Wilting and wilting coefficient.
    5.  Mineral     Nutrition,   Macro   and   Micronutrients,    mineral   deficiency    symptoms,
         absorption of minerals.
    6.  Translocation of solutes and factors affecting translocation, mechanism of phloem transport.


UNIT-II

      1.  Respiration:   ATP-  the   biological   energy   currency,   structure   of   mitochondria,
          mechanism   of   aerobic   and   anaerobic   respiration.,   Oxidative   phosphorylation,
          fermentation, RQ and the factors affecting the rate of respiration, Kreb cycle.
      2.  Electron    transport   system   (chemi-osmotic     theory),   redox   potential,  Pentose
          Phosphate Pathway.
      3.  Photosynthesis:       Historical    aspects,   action    spectra   and    enhancement      effect,
           conceps     of  two   photosystems,     Z-scheme,      structure   of  chloroplast,   pigments,
          mechanism of photosynthesis: Light Phase (Exitation of Chlorophyll, Scheme of
          ATP   and   NADPH   formation,   PS   I   and   PS   II):   Dark   Phase-  Path   of   Carbon
           (reductive     pentose   phosphate       cycle   in   C3  plants),    Hill   reaction,    photo-
          phosphorylation, factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, CAM Plants, photorespiration.


UNIT-III

      1.  Enzymes:   Properties,   classification,   mechanism   of   enzyme   action   and   factors
           affecting enzyme activities.
      2.  Nitrogen fixation and Protein synthesis, importance if Nitrate reductase and its
           regulation, ammonium assimilation and cryptochrome.
      3.  Phytochrome system.
      4.  Growth     and    Developments:  Definition, phase of growth, seed dormancy,
           germination, plant movement, Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinin, Abscissic acid
           and ethylene.


UNIT-IV

      1.  Carbohydrates:   Structure   and   function   of   Monosaccharides,   Oligosaccharides
           and Polysaccharides.
      2.  Amino acids and Proteins: an elementary accounts.
      3.  Elementary idea of fats and lipids: Structure and function of lipids, Fatty acids
          biosynthesis, storage and mobilization of fatty acids, β- oxidation.


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