Syllabus of B.Sc. I year Forestry in Kumaun University(Three Year Degree Course) ~ Kumaun University Nainital

Monday 11 May 2015

Syllabus of B.Sc. I year Forestry in Kumaun University(Three Year Degree Course)

   B. Sc. Three Year Degree Course (detailed Syllabus) 

(For Both DSB Campus, Nainital and SSJ Campus, Almora)

Syllabus of B.Sc. I year Forestry in Kumaun University 

Paper I                       Forest Ecology and Biodiversity


Unit 1- Forest Ecology

 1    Definition   of   ecology, division of ecology, scope and importance of ecology in forestry and basic concept of forest ecology.

 2    Ecosystem- structure, component and important ecosystems, forest grassland, desert and pond.

 3    Ecological energetic- concepts of energy flow. Tropic structure, food chain, food web and ecological pyramids. 

 4    Forest communities-  vegetational analysis, biomass, productivity  and  forest  floor mass, litter decomposition, forest soil development and nutrient cycling. 

 5    Locality factors-
       
    a.  Climatic  factors-  Solar  radiation, wind,  heat and temperature,  factors determining  the  temperature as the basis of classification of vegetation, precipitation, rain fall, snow, frost and frost    damages and preventive  measures, effect of snow on  forest vegetation, moisture, atmospheric humidity and evaporation.
       
   b.  Topographic  factors- configuration of land surface, latitudinal, altitudinal influence on solar
       radiation, temperature and rainfall, slope, aspect and exposure.
   c.  Edaphic factors- soil development, formation, soil profile, physical and chemical properties of
      forest soil.
  
   d.  Biotic factors-  influence of  plants competition, parasite,  epiphytes, climbers,  weeds, and  influence of wild animals, influence of man and his domestic animals.
     
 6   Succession- definition, causes and kind of succession, concept  and mechanism of succession, primary succession, secondary succession and climax.
     
 7   Forest hydrology.
     
 8   Classification of forest- basis of classification, Champion and Seth’s classification forest types of India and forest Types of Uttarakhand Himalaya.

   

Unit II- Biodiversity


      1    Definition, scope and importance.
      2    Regions of biodiversity.
      3    Anthropogenic disturbances and biodiversity.
      4    Ex- situ and in-situ conservation and hotspot areas.

                      

Paper II- Silviculture and Silviculture system


Unit I- Silviculture

1.  Definition  of  forest and  forestry, silviculture and silvics, its scope and classification, relation  of  silviculture with forestry and its branches.

      a. Tree morphology: root system- crown, branches and foliage, stem- buttressing and fluting, size of tree
      and root system, form of root, adaptability and mycorrhizae.

      b.  Tree  growth- phenology, germination and establishment, seasonal progress of growth, height  and
      diameter growth and reproduction.

      c. Crop morphology- crown and canopy, crop height, crop bole form and diameter and crop density

2.  Natural regeneration- object and methods of natural regeneration.

3.  Artificial regeneration- object and methods of artificial regeneration.

4.  Tending operation- weeding, cleaning and thinning.

5.  Concepts of provenance, seed source, plus tree, seed orchards, seed certification and adaptations.

 
Unit II- Silviculture System

1. Clear felling systems, shelter wood system, uniform system, group system, irregular shelter wood systems,
strip system, selection system, group selection system, accessory  system, coppice system, coppice selection
system coppice with standard system.

2. Growth characteristics, distribution, phenology, Silvicultural characters, regeneration methods, management and economic importance of the following species:

Conifers:  Abies  pindrow,  Picea smithiana, Cedrus  deodara, Pinus  roxburghii, P. wallichiana  and upressus torulosa.
Broad leave:  Quercus  sp., Acacia arabica, A. catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta and
Tectona grandis.
Bamboos: Dendrocalmus strictus.
Exotics:  Importance,   role   in   forest   economy,   purpose   of   introduction,   ecological   factors,   establishment   and management of Eucalyptus, poplar and exotic conifers (Pinus spp).


Paper III- Plantation Forestry


1.   Aims and objectives of plantation Forestry.

2.   Seed  source  and  seedling establishment- seed biology, seed source, stand  and seed orchard, seed  collection, extraction, storage and testing, seed germination, germination percentage and tree seedling establishment.

3.  Nursery management-  importance and objectives of nursery, preparation of plantation area, sowing, weeding and planting plan.

4.  Nursery work- sites and area, seed bed, methods of sowing, quality of seeds, time of sowing, shading, watering and  damping off, weeding, soil  working and transplanting, plant containers, fertilization, micro-propagation and misting units.

5.  Fencing and types of fencing, digging of pits and water conservation measures for different sites, soil fertilization in plantation and tending.

6.  Failures of plantations- reasons for failure and remedial techniques.

7.  Afforestation  of  problematic sites- drought  prone,  arid,   marshy,   saline   land,   sandy   soils   and Suitable species for plantation of these sites.


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