Kumaun University
B. Sc. II (Second Year) Geology
THREE-YEAR FULL-TIME PROGRAMME
THREE-YEAR FULL-TIME PROGRAMME
Paper I
Petrology Max marks 34
Unit I: Igneous Petrology: Composition of crust in terms of major chemical elements and lithology; Elementary knowledge of magma , it’s composition and mode of crystallization; Bowen’s reaction series and its significance; Elementary ideas of magmatic differentiation and assimilation; Crystallization of magma in binary system; Structure and texture of igneous rocks; Classification of basic igneous rocks; Petrology of granite, rhyolite, syenite, basalt, dolerite, gabbro and dunite; Basic concepts of the origin of common igneous rocks, ultramafic and acidic rocks.
Unit II: Metamorphic Petrology: Metamorphism ,Agents and kinds of metamorphic zones and grades of metamorphism ; Concept of metamorphic facies; Structures and textures of metamorphic rocks. Petrography and origin of important metamorphic rocks- phyllite, schists, gneisses, charnockite, marble, quartzite, hornfels and amphibolites.
Unit III: Sedimentary Petrology: Sedimentary processes, sedimentation and digenesis; Important structures in sedimentary rocks; Textural parameters; Classification of sedimentary rocks; Petrography of sandstones, conglomerates, mudstones and carbonates. Environment of sedimentation; Facies concept.
Paper II
Paleontology Max marks 33
Unit I: Introduction- Modes of preservation, Contributions of fossil in the diverse fields - palaeoecology, biostratigraphy, biogeography, taphonomy, evolution and taxonomy. Fossil record of life.
Unit II: Brief morphology and geological dsitriution of fossils in the world and in India Brachiopoda, Mollusca (Pelecypoda, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda); Trilobita, Echinoids, Authozoa and Graptolites.
Unit III: Brief description about different microfossil groups- siliceous (diatoms), calcareous (Foraminifera), phosphatic and organic- walled.
Unit IV: Brief description of plant fossils and various genera of Upper and Gondwana and Siwalik of Indian Subcontinent.
Unit V: Origin and diversity of vertebrates. Evolution and Classification of Horse, Man and Elephant.
Suggested Reddings:
1. Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution by E.N.K. Clarkson .
2. Understanding Fossils: An introduction to Invertebrate Palaeontology by Peter Doyle .
3. Ancient Invertebrate and their living relatives by Lehmann and Hillmer .
4. Vertebrate Palaeontology by M.J. Benton .
Paper III
Stratigraphy Max marks 33
Unit I: Principles, correlation, nomenclature and Geological time scale.
Unit II: Broad idea about lithostratigraphic. Biostratigraphic and Chronostratigraphic classification.
Unit III: Precambrian formations of the Indian subcontinent; their distribution, lithology and subdivisions, fossil content, correlation and magmatic activities.
Unit IV: Phanerozoic formations of the Indian subcontinent; their distribution, lithology and subdivisions, fossil content, correlation and magmatic activities
Unit V: Brief account of Geology of Uttarakhand.
Suggested Reddings:
1. Fundamentals of Historical Geology and Startigraphy of India by Ravindra Kumar
2. Geology of India and Burma by M.S. Krishnan
3. Making of India: Geodynamic Evolution by K.S. Valdiya
4. Geology by Mahapatra
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